Swine Exudative Dermatitis, also known as greasy pig disease or exudative epidermitis, is a skin condition that primarily affects young swine, especially piglets between two to four weeks old. It is caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus hyicus, which is commonly found in the environment and can be transmitted from sow to piglet.
The disease is characterized by the formation of raised, reddish-brown, greasy patches on the pig's skin, particularly on the back, sides, and hindquarters. These patches may be accompanied by swelling, scabs, and crusts, often leading to hair loss and a foul odor. In severe cases, piglets may show signs of pain and discomfort, causing decreased appetite and reduced growth.
Swine exudative dermatitis occurs when the skin's natural protective barrier is compromised, allowing the bacteria to invade and multiply, leading to inflammation and the formation of exudate, or fluid discharge. Factors such as poor hygiene, overcrowded conditions, and abrasions on the pig's skin increase the risk of infection.
Prevention and treatment typically involve implementing proper hygiene practices, including regular cleaning, disinfection of pens, and ensuring dry bedding. Topical medications, such as antibiotics or disinfectants, may be applied to affected areas. In severe cases, systemic antibiotics and supportive care may be necessary.
Early detection and intervention are essential to control and manage the disease effectively. Prompt veterinary attention, along with implementing appropriate preventive measures, can help minimize the impact of swine exudative dermatitis on pig health and economic losses in commercial swine production.
