SANGAM PERIOD Meaning and
Definition
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The Sangam Period refers to a specific era in the history of ancient South India that spanned from approximately 300 BCE to 300 CE. Derived from the word "sangam," meaning assembly or academy in the Tamil language, this era is primarily characterized by the culmination and flourishing of Tamil literature.
During the Sangam Period, numerous academic assemblies were held by poets and writers, known as the Tamil poets, in the region of modern-day Tamil Nadu. These gatherings aimed to encourage literary excellence, compose poems, and discuss various aspects of literature, including poetry, grammar, and philosophy.
The Sangam literature produced during this period revolves around subjects such as love, war, ethics, and politics. The most famous collection of works from this time is the Sangam Anthology, which consists of two main collections: the Ten Idylls (Pattuppāṭṭu) and the Eight Anthologies (Eṭṭuttokai). This literature provides valuable insights into the social, cultural, and economic aspects of ancient South Indian society.
The Sangam Period also witnessed extensive trade and maritime activities, with Tamil merchants conducting business with various ancient kingdoms, including the Romans and Greeks. Agriculture, trade, and craftsmanship were the primary occupations during this time.
The Sangam Period is considered a critical phase in Tamil history, not only for the literary and cultural achievements but also for the foundational sociopolitical structures that were established. It is an era that celebrates the rich heritage of South Indian literature and marks a significant milestone in the development of Tamil civilization.
Etymology of SANGAM PERIOD
The word "Sangam" is derived from the Tamil language, specifically from the term "sangha", which means "assembly" or "congregation". The Sangam period refers to a significant period in the history of ancient Tamil Nadu, South India, between the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE. During this period, scholars and poets would gather in assemblies called Sangams to discuss literature, arts, and various intellectual pursuits. The term "Sangam period" was coined to describe this literary and cultural era.
