High Molecular Weight Kininogens (HMWKs) are large plasma proteins that play a crucial role in the coagulation and inflammatory responses in the human body. HMWKs are part of the kallikrein-kinin system, which is involved in various physiological processes, including blood clot formation, inflammation, blood pressure regulation, and immune responses.
The primary function of HMWKs is to act as a precursor for the production of bradykinin, a potent vasoactive peptide. HMWKs are cleaved by the enzyme kallikrein, resulting in the release of bradykinin, which then acts on various target cells and tissues. Bradykinin promotes blood vessel dilation, increases vascular permeability, enhances pain sensitivity, and triggers inflammatory responses. It also plays a role in regulating blood pressure by promoting sodium excretion and inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
In addition to their role in bradykinin production, HMWKs also interact with other coagulation factors to regulate blood clotting. They enhance the activity of coagulation Factor XII and promote the formation of fibrin, a key constituent of blood clots. Furthermore, HMWKs have been implicated in modulating the immune response, as they can bind to certain immune cells and influence their activation and function.
Overall, High Molecular Weight Kininogens are important plasma proteins that contribute to the regulation of coagulation processes, inflammatory responses, blood pressure, and immune modulation in the human body.
