Edema Disease of Swine is a veterinary condition that affects pigs, primarily piglets, causing the accumulation of fluid and swelling in various body parts. Also known as "Malignant Edema" or "Hemorrhagic Septicemia of Pigs," it is caused by specific strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, particularly the serotype O139:K82:K88.
The disease typically occurs in post-weaned piglets between the ages of 8 and 12 weeks, especially during times of stress or overcrowding. The bacteria release toxins that damage blood vessels, leading to leakages of fluid into tissues. This results in edema or swelling, primarily affecting the eyelids, forehead, cheeks, jowls, neck, and legs of affected animals. In severe cases, the edema can be so pronounced that the pigs exhibit a "puffy" appearance.
Clinical signs may include depression, loss of appetite, labored breathing, and diarrhea, with blood possibly present. The mortality rate for affected piglets is relatively high, particularly if left untreated. However, timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment can improve the prognosis.
Prevention strategies for Edema Disease of Swine involve maintaining good hygiene, proper nutrition, and adequate ventilation in pig housing, as well as reducing stress and overcrowding. Vaccinations may also be available for specific strains of E. coli.
In summary, Edema Disease of Swine is a condition in pigs caused by toxin-producing E. coli strains, resulting in the accumulation of fluid and swelling in various body parts. Proper management practices and timely intervention can help mitigate the impact of this disease on pig populations.
