Pronunciation: [dɪsθˈiːn] (IPA) 
Disthene is a mineral, also known as kyanite, with the chemical formula Al₂SiO₅. Its spelling is pronounced as /dɪsˈθiːn/ in IPA phonetic transcription. The word "dis" means double, and "thene" refers to the crystallographic axis of the mineral. Thus, "disthene" means a mineral with two crystallographic axes, which is parallel to each other in nature. It is commonly used in the production of heat-resistant ceramics and abrasives.
Disthene, also known as kyanite, is a mineral consisting primarily of aluminum silicate. It belongs to the silicate family of minerals and has a chemical formula of Al2SiO5. Disthene crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system and generally forms elongated, bladed crystals. It exhibits a unique property called anisotropism, as it demonstrates varying physical properties when measured along different axes. This characteristic is due to its distinct crystal structure, which forms parallel channels for mineral alignment.
Disthene typically occurs in metamorphic rocks, particularly in regions with high levels of aluminum. It commonly forms in association with other minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and garnet. Its color ranges from blue to colorless, with different shades of blue being the most common. The blue color is caused by the inclusion of trace amounts of iron.
Due to its hardness, ranging from 4.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, disthene has various applications. It is often used as a raw material in the production of porcelain, ceramics, and refractory bricks. It is also employed in the manufacturing of high-quality electrical insulators, as it has excellent resistance to heat and electricity. Additionally, disthene is valued as a gemstone for its beauty, with transparent blue crystals being fashioned into jewelry.
In summary, disthene is a silicate mineral composed of aluminum silicate. Its unique crystal structure, anisotropism, and characteristic blue color make it a valuable mineral in industries such as construction, electrical engineering, and the gemstone trade.
The word "disthene" has its etymology rooted in the Greek language. It is derived from the combination of two Greek words: "dis", meaning double, and "sthenos", meaning strength. Thus, "disthene" literally translates to "double strength" in Greek.
