Cytopathology is a branch of pathology that focuses on the study and diagnosis of diseases at a cellular level. It involves the examination and analysis of cells obtained from various body fluids, tissues, and organs to detect abnormalities, identify diseases and conditions, and determine the extent and nature of cellular changes.
In cytopathology, cells are examined under a microscope to observe their structure, morphological characteristics, and any deviations from normal appearance. This analysis involves assessing the size, shape, organization, and staining patterns of cells, as well as the presence of cellular components such as organelles and other structures.
The primary objective of cytopathology is to identify pre-cancerous and cancerous conditions through the identification of abnormal cell growth and the changes in cellular structure that accompany these conditions. This branch of pathology is commonly used for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of various cancers, including those affecting the cervix, breast, lung, prostate, and thyroid.
Cytopathology also plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, hormonal imbalances, and other non-neoplastic conditions. The findings derived from cytopathological examinations are often used to guide treatment decisions, determine prognosis, and monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
Overall, cytopathology is a specialized discipline within pathology that employs the study of cells to identify, diagnose, and manage diseases and conditions at a cellular level, contributing significantly to the field of medical diagnosis and patient care.
